What inflation is
Inflation is the general rise in prices over time. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the US agency that measures it, describes it as continuously rising prices or, put the other way round, a continuously falling value of money. When prices go up, each dollar buys a little less, so the same amount of money is worth less than it used to be.
So an amount from the past can’t be compared with today’s money directly. This calculator turns dollars from one month into dollars of another, and then the two can be compared.
How the Consumer Price Index is measured
The calculator uses the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the measure BLS publishes every month. It tracks the average change in prices paid by consumers for a basket of goods and services: more than 200 kinds of spending in eight groups, from food and housing to transportation, medical care and education.
- People collect the prices. BLS data collectors visit or call stores, service businesses, rental units and doctors’ offices across the country, recording prices for about 80,000 items each month.
- Each item counts by how much people spend on it. The weights come from surveys of what households actually buy, so a rise in rent moves the index more than a rise in phone bills.
- It covers most Americans. The version used here, CPI-U, reflects all urban consumers, more than 90% of the US population. It leaves out investments such as stocks, bonds and real estate, because they’re saving rather than day-to-day spending.
- It’s an index, not a price. The average for 1982 to 1984 is set to 100. A reading of 110 means prices are 10% higher than then. The calculator only uses the change from one month to another.
The calculator divides the index in one month by the index in the other and multiplies your amount by the result. The yearly figure is the steady rate that, compounded every year, gives the same total rise.
Worked example
What was $100.00 in August 2006 worth in August 2026? The Consumer Price Index was 203.9 in August 2006 and 334.98 in August 2026.
- In August 2026 dollars: $100.00 × 334.98 ÷ 203.9 = $164.29. That’s what it took in August 2026 to buy what $100.00 bought in August 2006.
- Prices rose 64.3% in total (334.98 ÷ 203.9 is 1.6429), which works out to an average of 2.51% a year when compounded over 20 years.
- Buying power: $100.00 kept in a drawer since August 2006 would buy only what $60.87 bought then, a loss of 39.1%.
- The other way round: $100.00 in August 2026 had the buying power of $60.87 in August 2006.
What $100 from past decades is worth in August 2026
Worked out from the same CPI data, using August of each year so every row covers whole years.
| $100 in | Worth in Aug 2026 | Prices rose | Per year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 1970 | $858.92 | 758.9% | 3.91% |
| Aug 1980 | $402.14 | 302.1% | 3.07% |
| Aug 1990 | $254.54 | 154.5% | 2.63% |
| Aug 2000 | $193.85 | 93.9% | 2.58% |
| Aug 2010 | $153.44 | 53.4% | 2.71% |
| Aug 2020 | $128.88 | 28.9% | 4.32% |
Over the latest 12 months of data, prices rose 3.4%: $100 in August 2025 had the buying power of $103.40 in August 2026.
Why your own inflation can be different
The CPI is an average across millions of households, and BLS points out that it may not match any one person’s experience. The main reason is how you spend your money. In a BLS example, food prices rise 5% and medical costs 10%, with everything else flat. The average basket goes up 1.4%, but for a person who spends a quarter of their budget on medical care, costs go up 3.5%.
Where you live matters too: prices can jump in one city while falling in another. And people notice the things they buy often, such as food, clothing and gas, which swing more than things they buy rarely, like appliances. If rent is most of your budget and rents near you are climbing fast, your personal inflation can run well above the national figure.
Inflation vs the price of one thing
A price going up isn’t the same as inflation. Inflation is the average across the whole basket, so in any year some prices rise faster than the CPI, some slower and some fall. A jump in the price of eggs or gas is a change in one item; inflation is when prices in general drift up and the dollar buys less across the board.
BLS also adjusts for changes in what you get for the money. If a 64-ounce carton of orange juice is replaced by a 59-ounce one at the same price, it records the smaller size, so a shrinking package counts as a price rise.
What inflation means for your savings
Money kept as cash loses buying power whenever prices rise; the worked example above shows how much over 20 years. Savings only keep up if they earn at least the rate of inflation after any tax. The compound interest calculator shows what a savings rate adds over time, and the index investing calculator can show past stock market returns after inflation. For ways people try to stay ahead of rising prices, see investment strategies to beat inflation.